Jul 15,2025.
The manufacturing process of sodium-ion batteries can generally be divided into several key steps: raw material preparation, cathode and anode material production, electrolyte and separator preparation, electrode fabrication, cell assembly, and finished product testing and inspection. Compared to the production process of lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries differ in raw material selection and certain process steps, but the overall workflow is similar. Their packaging forms are alike (cylindrical, pouch, prismatic aluminum shells, etc.), their production processes largely overlap, and their production lines are compatible (including electrode manufacturing and cell assembly). The main distinction lies in the fact that sodium-ion batteries can use aluminum foil as the anode current collector, allowing both cathode and anode tabs to be connected using aluminum tabs. This simplifies the tab welding process. Raw Material Preparation The main raw materials for sodium-ion batteries include cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, separators, and battery casings. The selection and quality of these materials directly impact the battery's performance and lifespan. Cathode and anode materials are the core components of sodium-ion batteries, and their performance differences determine the battery's energy density and charge-discharge efficiency. Electrolyte serves as the medium for sodium-ion transport within the battery. Separators are used to isolate the cathode and anode, preventing short circuits. Battery cases are critical components that protect the battery structure and ensure sealing integrity. Cathode Material Preparation The cathode material is a critical component of sodium-ion batteries. Commonly used cathode materials include polyanionic compounds, layered oxides, and Prussian blue analogs. Among these, polyanionic cathode materials have become a research focus due to their stable structure and excellent cycling performance. Synthesis methods include solid-state reactions, sol-gel processes, and hydrothermal methods. The electrochemical performance of cathode materials can be enhanced by optimizing synthesis conditions and employing doping modifications. Anode Material Preparation Common anode materials include carbon-based materials and alloy-based materials. Carbon-based materials, known for their high conductivity and stability, are widely used in sodium-ion batteries. Preparation methods such as pyrolysis and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are employed, followed by coating and drying processes. The electrochemical performance of anode materials can be improved by controlling pore structure and specific surface area. Electrolyte and Separator Preparation The composition of the electrolyte directly affects the ionic conductivity and stability of the battery. The electrolyte primarily consists of a solute, solvent, and additives—typically sodium salts dissolved in organic solvents. Common solvents include esters and ethers, wh...
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